Copyright Laws Should Be Abolished Essay - 1302 Words

Copyright laws are laws that restrict users of certain information, such as literature works and computer programs, from distributing that information. They are based on the belief that those who discover information should have some control over who can use that information. The control is mostly intended to allow the discoverers to make money through distributing the knowledge only to those who pay them. However, such control is inherently inefficient and infringes on the rights of the users to obtain the information they need. Copyright laws should be abolished because they are economically unsound. If a person obtains information, his or her decision-making capability is likely to improve, thus benefiting both the person and†¦show more content†¦The ideas may profoundly affect their lives. Moreover, art can bring happiness, and the government should strive to make the people happy. Therefore, all unnecessary laws that reduce access to art by preventing people from communicating art should be abolished. Copyright laws are ineffective since they are frequently violated. Worldwide, 40% of software is unauthorized (Business Software Alliance). File-sharing networks make copyright laws unenforceable; almost all popular songs can be obtained free of charge through these networks. The victory in courts against Napster file-sharing service is empty since in its place appeared file-sharing programs that do not require a centralized server and thus are almost impossible to stop. In September 2001, 1.51 billion of (primarily copyrighted) files were downloaded using distributed file-sharing networks. In October, that number rose to 1.81billion (Mariano). The violations show a failure of copyright laws and cause special problems. Because of copyright laws, money and resources are spent on obtaining unauthorized copies of information, on enforcing the laws, and on propaganda that using information to improve life without the permission of copyright holders is theft and piracy. By abolishing copyright laws, that money will be saved. Moreover, widespread violations of the laws cause disorder and promote the dangerous belief that violating laws is good. For example, the prohibition of alcohol in theShow MoreRelatedShould Copyright Law Be Changed?1949 Words   |  8 PagesShould Copyright Law Be Changed? We often experience the effects of copyright law on a day to day basis without even realizing it. Whether we are uploading a video to Youtube or just listening to our favorite songs over the internet, copyright law affects us. For example, nearly everyone who has spent time on Youtube has come across a video that has been taken down due to a copyright claim. Also, listening to Pandora radio for an extended period of time will leave users with a prompt to verifyRead MoreThe Law Of Copyright And Its Historical Development1294 Words   |  6 PagesThe Law of Copyright and its historical development - Tracing back the historical development of copyright protection of the authors work, the idea of copyright protection only began to emerge with the invention of printing, which made it possible for the literary works to be duplicated by mechanical processes. Prior to that, hand copying was the sole mean of reproduction. Following Gutenberg s invention of printing press in 1436 in Germany, the necessity of protecting printers and booksellers wasRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1691 Words   |  7 PagesHogan, William Mrs. Hooks DRE 097 5 March 2015 Outline Thesis: The death penalty has to be abolished if American society wishes to progress. I. Introduction The death penalty, or capital punishment, is an archaic and barbaric practice; a fallacy of the criminal justice system. II. In the history of death penalty tells the accounts of the dramatic change over four centuries III. Counter argument A. Justice is the leading argument of supporters of capital punishment B. SupportersRead MoreA Study on Investment Income1661 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the borrower is actively laboring or using the capital to increase returns and pay the interest. Interest is passive income, since it is money the lending nation receives with little or no effort. Interest income various across nations and their laws. Interest income in Japan is very generous as $56,000 per taxpayer is tax exempted. Interest income in the UK is incorporated into the total individual income and is part of the global income, but in Japan, it is treated as the nominal withheld taxesRead MoreEssay Issues on Patent and Copyright Laws In China2391 Words   |  10 PagesIssues on Patent and Copyright Laws In China This site contains information on Chinas patent and copyright law. It goes on to discuss some ethical issues about Chinas lack of law enforcement on intellectual property protection. History of Patent System China’s patent system can be traced back to the late Qing Dynasty when China began signing international treaties. For example, on August 18, 1903, China and the United States agreed on a treaty on navigation and commerce. The treatyRead MoreFreedom Of Speech And Expression Essay974 Words   |  4 PagesAfter enactment of Constitution, many laws related to press were challenged before the court. In Srinivasa Bhat v. State of Madras, K. Madhava Menon v. State of Bombay, Avanti Press 1950, Amar Nath v. State of Punjab, Romesh Thapar v. Chief Secretary of Patna, Tara Singh v. the State of Punjab, Fram Nusserwanji v. State of Bombay, Chandardeo v. State of Bihar, Tozam-mal v. Government of Bengal, etc., the laws related to press ultra vires to the constitution were quashed. Article 19(1) (a), freedomRead MoreThe Piracy Of Music Piracy1507 Words   |  7 Pagespeer) website for file sharing, and shares files such as songs or software. This is considered theft due the fact that the files aren’t free, they have a price to them. Music Piracy is an abomination to artistry, and the creation of Art. It must be abolished. According to the Musicmetric Digital Music Index;in 2012, The United States came in the highest in the number of illegal downloads of music with about 96.7 million downloads in the first half of the year. This is a huge difference consideringRead MoreEssay on To Download Or Not To Download2446 Words   |  10 Pagessharing of music in MP3 format. A popular site to download â€Å"free† music is called Napster. This program allows people to share music files, discover new artists, and become part of the music community. Although Napster is controversial, the program should still remain accessible to Internet users and music lovers. Marc Geiger, a supporter of the program, states that â€Å"Napster is ‘totally community oriented,† (â€Å"Napster†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). It brings artists and fans together, and can allow struggling musicians a chanceRead MoreThe World Trade Organization Essay1171 Words   |  5 Pagesorganizations. In addition, the meetings are held in secret and requests for information about these meetings are denied. (globalexchange) The WTO is a stacked court. The organizations dispute panels, decide if domestic laws are barriers to trade and whether they should be abolished or not. These panels consist of three trade bureaucrats who are not screened for conflict of interest. An example of this was seen in the tuna-dolphin case Mexico filed against the US. (globalexchange) The U.S. MarineRead More Immigraton Laws Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pages Immigraton Laws The first immigrants to the territory now the United States were from Western Europe. The first great migration began early in the 19th century when large numbers of Europeans left their homelands to escape the economic hardships resulting from the transformation of industry by the factory system and the simultaneous shift from small-scale to large-scale farming. At the same time, conflict, political oppression, and religious persecution caused a great many Europeans to seek freedom

Possible Solutions to Self-Harm Free Essays

[Enter title here] A large number of people in western society have found self-mutilation as a means to â€Å"escape† from the problem’s haunting their everyday life. The act of cutting oneself has been proven to release chemical compounds into the body to momentarily clear the mind of such problems. These compounds, known as endorphins, relieve the body of whatever tension and stress that is undergone in the individual’s life. We will write a custom essay sample on Possible Solutions to Self-Harm or any similar topic only for you Order Now Harming one’s self is a serious problem that must be assessed and treated in an appropriate manner that will not only stop the act within the individual but also remove the source of such trauma in their life. The cause of such actions has been known to come in from a large multitude of personal problems. Problems such as an unsuitable household, difficulties within a person’s social background, or even the image they see within themselves. Professor Keith Hawton oversaw a study taken over the amount of adolescents who admitted to inflicting harm upon themselves. His survey took place in forty-one schools involving 6,020 subjects aged fifteen to sixteen. The results were that â€Å"398 (6. 8%) participants reported an act of deliberate self harm in the past year† (Hawton 2002). According to the results, more females admitted to this act than males. Of those females who were accountable to deliberate self-harm, they confessed the causes being their â€Å"friends, self harm by family members, drug misuse, depression, anxiety, impulsivity, and low self esteem† (Hawton 2002). The factors found within the males were drug use, suicidal behavior found within their friends and family, and low self-esteem. Patricia and Peter Adler discuss the effects that undergone by the individual through the expectations of those around that person. In their writing, â€Å"The Glorified Self† the Adlers present how a society creates an image of those within it and the pressure placed upon those people create an inner conflict â€Å"between their desire for recognition, flattery, and importance and the inclination to keep feeding this self-affirming element† (Adler 195). As society continues to surround the individual, the pressure increases as the person begins to take on a role which they may not feel is best suited for them, yet must be upheld in order to feel better accepted within their society. Such expectations are found in those closest to that person: parents, siblings, friends or anyone who could affect that person’s life. These expectations can create a dilemma within the individual, whether they wish to be who they want or who they are required to be. Through the burden of deciding on they wish to become, the troubled person begins to turn away from the sources of their problems and look for a quick escape. That escape varies among the individual experiencing such complications in their life, anything from substance abuse to physically abusing their own body. The human body finds whatever means necessary in order to cope with the difficulties presented in their life. This coping mechanism is the brain’s way of releasing the stress that builds up over time from dealing with whatever obstacles that are laid out before the person. In order to stop such actions taking place, the source of the problem(s) must then be removed, or tuned down enough to no longer give the desire for the person to find a momentary escape. Removing all sources of responsibilities in a person’s life is nearly impossible. Instead of removing the source of the problem, a more possible solution is to show the people undergoing such problems that they aren’t alone in their responsibilities. Giving out a hand to those in need will show them that they don’t need to hold their problems to themselves. Encourage a troubled individual to express their fears, problems, and concerns in hopes that in doing so, that person may then be able to realize that as tough as things may be, they are never alone. Another way to relieve stress in a positive manner is meditation. True this seems like it won’t do much, but â€Å"that small amount of peace in your day can help you deal with or even release stress† (Alvarez 2012). There are countless ways to combat the problems in an individual’s life, remedies that expand anywhere from eating healthy to taking a few minutes in their day to meditate or exercise. Sources Cited Adler, Patricia A. , and Peter Adler. â€Å"The Glorified Self. †Ã‚  Social Theory. Ed. Roberta Garner. 2nd ed. [S. l. ]: Univ Of Toronto, 2009. 195-207. Print. Alvarez, Manny. â€Å"10 Ways to Relieve Stress Naturally. † Newsgroup. Fox News. Fox News, 9 Aug. 2012. Web. 31 Mar. 2013. Hawton, Keith. â€Å"Deliberate Self Harm in Adolescents: Self Report Survey in Schools in England. †Ã‚  Ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/. National Center for Biotechnology Information, 23 Nov. 2002. Web. 31 Mar. 2013. How to cite Possible Solutions to Self-Harm, Papers

Review of Macroeconomic Issues Housing Affordability

Question: Describe about the Research paper on Australian macroeconomic issue? Answer: Introduction/Significance of the Problem Debates over the drivers and the trend of Australian housing affordability and various other advanced countries have stress over the effects of failure of market in particular markets like the private rental sector and the problems related to equity (Yates, Berry, Burke, Jacobs, Milligan and Randolph 2004). However, its also the case that certain factors that results through the enhanced housing stress effects over the broad economy by the interaction of the movements in the prices of housing and changes in the demand (Yates, Berry, Burke, Jacobs, Milligan and Randolph 2004). This report focuses over the main economic impact of the issues related to the housing affordability in Australia, which is also the major microeconomic issue. The main aim of this report is to offer the broad rationale and the basis on which policies could be developed and improved the outcome of housing affordability. In Australia housing affordability is referred in the operational relations of both the regio nal and the national economies and not just the question of social policy (Gabriel, Jacobs, Arthurson, Burke and Yates 2005). As per the traditional theory of public finance explores three branches related to economic involvement through the state which are: stabilization, allocation, and distribution (Milligan 2005). In the case of allocation, government might intervene towards offset or either right market failures or imperfections (Milligan 2005). In the second case of distribution, government tries to act in order to bring the changes in the distribution of both wealth and income as determined by the market (Yates and Gabriel 2006). Finally, in case of stabilization, main agencies like central banks and the government takes the responsibility of steering the entire economy in order to achieve the combination of stability of price, relevant aggregate employment, as well as external balance in economy (Yates and Gabriel 2006). Australia Housing affordability Index 1984-2006 (Source: Yates and Gabriel 2006) Significance of the issue The main significance of this report is to explore the main issues as well as view of the policy towards the role of housing affordability in having the Australian macroeconomic performance (Berry 2006). This report also holds importance in reviewing the evidences over the interactions among the housing investment, macroeconomic policy, household debt and the household consumption in Australia that stress over the role of housing affordability (Yates, Berry, Burke, Jacobs, Milligan and Randolph 2004). Analysis This research indicates the housing affordability as structural issue that could enhance the existing policies and actions taken by government. Measuring housing affordability Housing affordability is considered as the tenure-neutral term, which implies the relationship among the income of household and the expenditure of household over the cost of housing (Berry 2006). Its noted that the average amount spent over the cost of housing in every household in the regions of Australia has increased by 11% of the income of household in the mid of 1970 to more than 15% in the year 2003-2004 (Yates 2007). Present its noted that around 15% of the overall household has paid twice, that is 30% of the income is earned in meeting the cost of housing (Milligan, Phibbs, Gurran and Fagan 2007). In case of low income household is proportion is around 28% that is double of the average of Australian. Its noted that this proportion has increased by 24% in the past decade (Yates 2007). (Source: Yates 2007) Under the scenario that is consistent with the economic as well as geographical trends employed by the intergenerational report of Australian government, the low income household proportion with the housing cost ratio is more than the Australian wide average, and its expected that it might increase by 20% for the one who are between the age group 25-65 (Burke and Pinnegar 2007). Its noted that in the year 2002-03, the total low income households were 860000 in Australia that face the housing stress and faced the risk of housing affordability (Yates 2007). Issues of housing affordability Broad measures cant explain about the factors that could determine the expenditure level on the housing, and explain about the implications of facing the housing stress and it failed to capture the experiences related to issues of affordability (Yates, Kendig and Phillips 2007). The issues of housing affordability increase when the households actually force towards decisions, which impact them and they were not able to make up and had to face the housing stress (Ball and Wood 1999). There are various examples of it in form of deprivation like, going without having the meal, enforce the mobility of housing, and children didnt went to schools, that lead to increase in housing stress into the financial stress (Beddoes 2005). Exploring risk of households Issues related to housing stress and housing affordability is focused towards sub groups (Benjamin, Chinloy and Jud 2004). The low income group of households includes the single people, young people, purchasers, households with family, households living in metro cities, working people, and private renters (Benjamin, Chinloy and Jud 2004). From the one who are at risk, the renters from low income group faced intense and widespread issues in comparison to low income purchasers (Berry and Dalton 2004). There are many private rentals, which were not aspiring to have the ownership of home. From the group of low income group, faced the housing stress for long period instead of short period (Berry and Dalton 2004). The purchasers from low income group got vulnerable towards the risk that was related to the housing lack of security, which even manifested their ability to meet with the increase rate of interest (Bertaut 2002). (Source: Bertaut 2002) Why housing affordability was issue in Australia Not every risk relates with the housing affordability is borne through the individual households, but many risk were borne through the society (Black, Meza and Jeffreys 1996). There were many coping strategies that were employed contributed towards lack of cohesion from social aspect (Yates, Berry, Burke, Jacobs, Milligan and Randolph 2004). Equity of intergeneration was actually compromised through the rising disparity among the one who gain the access towards home ownership and the one who were not able to do so (Boone, Giorno and Richardson 1998). The issues of housing affordability holds the capacity to make it more challenging for the economy to manage, and in result of that sensitivity increased for the risk households towards changes in policy (Boreland, Gregory and Sheehan 2001). The Behavioral Life-cycle Theory The life cycle theory is cast in the standard utility for increasing tradition of economics of mainstream (Brady, Canner and Maki 2000). This theory includes that all households should organize their consumption by certain stages of life cycle for increasing lifetime utility (Brady, Canner and Maki 2000). This theory treats every income on equal basis, which means all income might impact the consumption and savings of household (Burbidge and Sheehan 2001). Its implies household might vary in receiving income as present income stream or either cash payment, which is a capital gain over previous wealth and as a particular income stream towards current value in which income is equal to the payment of cash (Camerer and Lowenstein 2003). Findings The findings of this research over the housing affordability in case of low income group in Australia tries to reinforce the previous studies conducted in Australia (Campbell and Cocco 2004). Overall, they offer strong support towards the case of setting up the national goal of policy for improving the housing affordability issues (Yates, Berry, Burke, Jacobs, Milligan and Randolph 2004). Under this goal, proper actions are taken by spheres of the government in 4 areas of strategy for tackling the drivers as well as results of the decline for long term in Australian issue of housing affordability (Campbell and Cocco 2004). The first set of the actions need to be directed towards the long term trends of increasing house as well as land cost through improving the housing market efficiency (Macfarlane 2005). Specific attention need to be placed for minimizing the impediments towards housing supply in the required regional as well as metropolitan locations in order to improve the residential development efficiency and for reforming the tax settings, which might affect over the houses prices in specific market, either through adding cost or either through stimulating demands (Case, Quigley and Shiller 2001). There exist the needs to offer the direct assistance of finance in order to help the renters in low income group or either buyers who are struggling for house (Case, Quigley and Shiller 2003). This financial assistance need to be designed in order to be responsive towards the variations in the individual household circumstances, which experience the issues of housing affordability (Case and Shiller 2004). Therefore, its important to carefully target the assistance in order to reduce the adverse impact of prices (Kahneman and Tversky 2000). A funding, national policy along with framework of delivery that holds the capability of securing the private investment in referred as additional supply of affordable rent housing and for sale is needed for the purpose of stimulating the provision at the affordable ends in the private market and for redressing the reduction in the provision of social housing (Dalton 1999). Its noted that changes in the system of social housing will be required in order to be secure about the viability of the lying source of los cost housing and then it should be integrated with the lying service providers and to offer asset in the expanded affordable housing sector (Dornbusch and Fischer 1987). Policyrecommendations In order to achieve the sustainable as well as effective improvements in the housing affordability for the Australian households for the coming generations, government of the country require to adapt towards the balance of policy set reforms under specific vision, framework or either purpose of its implementation (La Cava 2003). A coordinated response of the cross government applies to both the policy tools of housing and towards other policy levers in order to address the requirements of the individual households and for redressing the issues of systematic housing markets (Leung 2004). Particular tools of housing policy will be relevant towards alleviating the housing stress and for supporting for offsetting the patterns of the economic as well as social exclusion, which relates to the unaffordable housing situations (Glaeser and Sacerdote 2000). However, the research findings implies about the flexible housing policy that is required in past in order to respond towards the variation in experiences of housing affordability along with diversity of the impacts on the life of the people (Kelly 2001). Specifically, policies that create influence over the market performance of labor or on economic development, along with transport planning, monetary and fiscal policies, population policies, policies of income support, infrastructure policies, settlement planning, needs to enhance the regional as well as urban sustainability, and should also put more stress over addressing the housing affordability issues with the other goals (Dvornak and Kohler 2003). It is by the adjustments made in the main areas that the actions related to the alleviate housing stress for short time period would be buttress through the broad strategies, which could met out the causes as well as effects of deterioration of the housing affordability (Dvornak and Kohler 2003). Conclusion Through conducting the comparison from the last two years, its noted that housing markets have got eased and the equity markets is also trying to recover in Australia. Its also noted that consumption growth is slow along with economy. However, the outcome dont cut the arguments that are presented in the report, but the fact is opposite of the case. The growth of economy has reduced instead of getting sharpen due to the facts. Its noted that prices of housing have gone flatten due to the reduced modesty in most of the market, instead of getting crashed by around 20-30% as forecasted in certain quarters that also tries to reduce the negative effects over spending on wealth. Its true that Australia has always been lucky, and the risk nature is that, present soft landing provides no guarantee of the next time. References Ball, M. and Wood, A. 1999. 'Housing investment: long run international trends and volatility'. Housing Studies, 14(2), pp. 185-209. Beddoes, Z. 2005. 'The great thrift shift'. The Economist, 9, pp. 3-24. Benjamin, J., Chinloy, P. and Jud, G. 2004. 'Real estate versus financial wealth in consumption'. Journal of Real Estate Economics and Finance, 29(3), pp. 341-354. Berry, M. 2006. Housing affordability and the economy: A review of macroeconomic impacts and policy issues. Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute. Berry, M. 2006. Housing affordability and the economy: A review of the labour markets impacts and policy issues. Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute. Berry, M. and Dalton, T. 2004. 'Housing prices and policy dilemmas: a peculiarly Australian problem?' Urban Policy and Research, 22(1), pp. 69-92. Bertaut, C. 2002. 'Equity prices, household wealth and consumption growth in foreign industrial countries: wealth effects in the 1990s'. New York: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System International Finance Discussion Paper. Black, J., Meza, D. and Jeffreys, D. 1996. 'House prices, the supply of collateral and the enterprise economy'. Economic Journal, 106, pp. 60-75. Boone, G., Giorno, C. and Richardson, P. 1998. 'Stock market fluctuations and consumption behaviour: some recent evidence'. Paris: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Boreland, J., Gregory, B. and Sheehan, P. 2001. 'Inequality and economic change'. Australia, Melbourne: Centre for Strategic Economic Studies. Brady, P., Canner, G. and Maki, D. 2000. 'The effects of recent mortgage refinancing'. Federal Reserve Bulletin. Burbidge, A. and Sheehan, P. 2001. 'The polarisation of families'. Australia, Melbourne: Centre for Strategic Economic Studies. Burke, T. and Pinnegar, S. 2007. Experiencing the housing affordability problem: blocked aspirations, trade-offs and financial hardships. Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute. Camerer, C. and Lowenstein, G. 2003. 'Behavioural economics: past, present, future'. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Campbell, J. and Cocco, J. 2004. 'How do housing prices affect consumption? Evidence from micro data'. Harvard Institute of Economic Research. Case, K. and Shiller, R. 2004. 'Is There a Bubble in the Housing market?' The Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 3, 299-362. Case, K., Quigley, J. and Shiller, R. 2001. 'Comparing Wealth Effects: The Stock Market vs. the Housing Market.' National Bureau of Economic Research. Case, K., Quigley, J. and Shiller, R. 2003. 'Home-buyers, Housing and the Macroeconomy' Asset Prices and Monetary Policy Conference. Sydney: Reserve Bank of Australia. Dalton, T. 1999. 'Making Housing Policy in Australia: Home Ownership and the Disengagement of the State' Social Science and Planning. Melbourne: RMIT University. Dornbusch, R. and Fischer, S. 1987. Macroeconomics. New York: McGraw-Hill. Dvornak, N. and Kohler, M. 2003. 'Housing wealth, stock market wealth and consumption: a panel analysis for Australia'. Sydney: Economics Research Department, Reserve Bank of Australia. Gabriel, M., Jacobs, K., Arthurson, K., Burke, T. and Yates, J. 2005. Conceptualising and measuring the housing affordability problem. Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute Glaeser, E. and Sacerdote, B. 2000. 'The social consequences of housing'. Journal of Housing Economics, 9(1-2), pp. 1-23. Kahneman, D. and Tversky, A. 2000. Choices, Values and Frames. New York: Cambridge University Press. Kelly, S. 2001. 'Trends in Australian wealth: new estimates for the 1990s' 30th Annual Conference of Economist. Perth: University of Western Australia. La Cava, G. and J., S. 2003. 'A Tale of Two Surveys: Household Debt and Financial Constraints in Australia, Research Discussion Paper 2003-08'. Sydney: Reserve Bank of Australia, Economics Research Group. Leung, C. 2004. 'Macroeconomics and housing: a review of the literature'. Journal of Housing Economics, 13, pp. 249-267. Macfarlane, I. 2005. 'Global influences on the Australian economy'. RBA Bulletin, 1, pp. 1-6 Milligan, V. 2005. Directions for affordable housing policy in Australia: Outcomes of a stakeholder forum. Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute. Milligan, V., Phibbs, P., Gurran, N. and Fagan, K. 2007. Approaches to evaluation of affordable housing initiatives in Australia. Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute Yates, J. 2007. Access to home ownership: past and present. Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute. Yates, J. 2007. Housing affordability and financial stress. Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute. Yates, J. 2007. The polarisation of housing affordability. Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute. Yates, J. and Gabriel, M. 2006. Housing affordability in Australia. Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute Yates, J., Berry, M., Burke, T., Jacobs, K., Milligan, V. and Randolph, B. 2004. Housing Affordability for Lower Income Australians. Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute. Yates, J., Kendig, H. and Phillips, B. 2007. Sustaining fair shares: the Australian housing system and intergenerational sustainability. Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute.